|
|
| Silver | |
| Electron Configuration | 2,8,18,18,1 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s1 |
| Ground state | 2S1/2 |
| Atomic Volume | 10.3 g/cm3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.93 |
| Magnetic ordering | Diamagnetic |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | -2.3 x 10-9 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | -2.48 x 10-10 |
| Speed of sound | 2680 m s-1 |
 Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 284.5 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 11.3 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 257.7 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 25.350 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 429 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 18.9 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 24.5 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 2.5 |
| Vickers hardness | 251 MPa |
| Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 100 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.37 |
| Shear modulus | 30 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 83 GPa |
| Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 1.6 x 10-8 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | No data. |
| Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 4.0246 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 4.26 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 11.4 |
| Ionization Potential | |
 First
|
7.576 |
| Second
|
21.49 |
| Third
|
34.83 |
| Incompatibilities | Acetylene (C2H2), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), bromoazide, chlorine trifluoride (ClF3), ethyleneimine (C2H5N), oxalic acid (C2H2O4), tartaric acid (C4H6O6). |
| Flammability |
|
| Non-combustible solid (except as dust)
|
| Energy Levels |
|
| Kα1 (intensity 100) |
22.16292 KeV |
| Kα2 (intensity 50) |
21.9903 KeV |
| Kβ1 (intensity 18.4) |
24.9424 KeV |
| Kβ2 (intensity 4.6) |
25.4527 KeV |
| Kβ3 (intensity 8.3) |
24.9074 KeV |
| Lα1 (intensity 100) |
2.98431 KeV |
| Lα2 (intensity 10) |
2.97821 KeV |
| Lβ1 (intensity 44) |
3.15094 KeV |
| Lβ2 (intensity 11) |
3.34781 KeV |
| Lβ3 (intensity 9) |
3.2324 KeV |
| Lβ4 (intensity 4) |
3.2028 KeV |
| Lγ1 (intensity 3) |
3.51959 KeV |
| Lγ2 (intensity 1.5) |
3.7492 KeV |
| Lγ3 (intensity 2) |
2.806 KeV |
| Ll (intensity 4.5) |
2.6305 KeV |
| Atomic Radii |
|
| Empirical
|
160 pm |
| Bohr Radius
|
165 pm |
| Covalent Radius
|
153 pm |
| Van der Waals
|
172 pm |
| Triple covalent
|
137 pm |
| Metallic
|
144 pm |
| Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 1 | II | 0.81 | 0.67 | |
| IV | 1.14 | 1.1 | C | |
| IVSQ | 1.16 | 1.02 | ||
| V | 1.23 | 1.09 | C | |
| VI | 1.29 | 1.15 | C | |
| VII | 1.36 | 1.22 | ||
| VIII | 1.42 | 1.28 | ||
| 2 | IVSQ | 0.93 | 0.79 | |
| VI | 1.080.94 | 1.12 | ||
| 3 | IVSQ | 0.81 | 0.67 | R |
| VI | 0.89 | 0.75 | R | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
| Oxidation States |
|
| Main
|
Ag+1 |
| Other
|
Ag0, Ag+2, Ag+3 |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1)  |
|
| M - M+ |
731 |
| M+ - M2+ |
2073 |
| M2+ - M3+ |
3361 |
| M3+ - M4+ |
5000 |
| M4+ - M5+ |
6700 |
| M5+ - M6+ |
8600 |
| M6+ - M7+ |
11200 |
| M7+ - M8+ |
13400 |
| M8+ - M9+ |
15600 |
| M9+ - M10+ |
18000 |
| Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 1283 | 1413 | 1575 | 1782 | 2055 | 2433 |
| Crystal Structure |
|
| Structure
|
Cubic close packed |
 |
a = 408.53 pm |
| b = 408.53 pm | |
| c = 408.53 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |